The mutation of DNA can cause cancer, but there can also be subtle changes in the chromosome environment that can dysregulate the normal function of the DNA. In certain cases, a simple alteration in the chromosomal structure, but not a mutation, can cause cancer. It is now established that histone, a chromosomal structural protein, when acetylated, gives the chromosome a structural configuration, which is needed for many normal function. On the other hand, if the acetyl groups are removed, the DNA may not perform properly. Deacetylation, however, is a very critical physiological reaction needed for normal functioning; an abnormal condition develops when this reaction is upregulated. The enzyme deacetylase is found be more active in cancer cells, and inhibitors of this enzyme have been developed. In preliminary studies, these inhibitors show promising results in slowing cancer cell growth.
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