If given systemically, a nontoxic prodrug, CB 1954, can be activated to a potent anticancer agent by a specific enzyme called bacterial nitroreductase. This enzyme is a foreign enzyme and is transferred to the tumor cells by a viral vector. This therapy, known as virus-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, is effective and safe. It is now in clinical trial in patients with a range of cancers, including prostate, liver, and head and neck.
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