One could claim that our thinking has been thoroughly brainwashed by the ever-present concept that cancer chemotherapeutics are efficiently ?washed out? to the detriment of the patient, by several efflux mechanisms. Our preoccupation with these mechanisms, of which there are several, has guided our thinking towards blocking or otherwise disabling them, in order to maintain reasonably toxic levels of drugs in the cancer cell itself. This trend has not worked very well, and multidrug resistance eventually takes over. Neoplastic development is regarded as the peak of abnormality, with autonomy as a general characteristic for malignant growth; we must aim at a wider understanding of not only what makes cancer resistant, but what makes it accessible to drug delivery and penetration.
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