Medical or the less common surgical castration is rational and efficient endocrine treatments for cancers with at least some dependence on estrogen hormone stimulation and its levels. However, the widely popular tamoxifen (a non-steroidal antiestrogen) induces increased levels of endogenous estradiol, an obviously undesirable effect. It appears that the combination of estrogen receptor blockade with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist can reduce unwanted high estrogen levels and thus contribute to the general antitumor effect of the treatment.
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