Many biochemical "markers" have been introduced in the hope that they would facilitate the early diagnosis of malignancy; they have come and gone. A few of them have stayed, but their effectiveness is predominantly in monitoring the clinical management of some cancers. Despite the numerous routinely used screening methods available, such as lung X-rays, mammography, cervical smears, fecal occult blood testing and others, a simple, sensitive and specific blood test for primary cancer is still elusive. Since we still firmly believe that pre-symptomatic detection of early-stage, localized malignancy will greatly improve the chances of the patient for successful treatment, a reliable and economical test for "curable" cancer remains a challenge.
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